Mental health during ecological crisis: translating and validating the Hogg Eco-anxiety Scale for Argentinian and Spanish populations.

BACKGROUND: Eco-anxiety is increasingly recognized as a shared experience by many people internationally, encompassing fear of environmental catastrophe and anxiety about ecological crises. Despite its importance in the context of the changing climate, measures for this construct are still being developed in languages other than English. METHODS: To contribute to global eco-anxiety research, we translated the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) into Spanish, creating the HEAS-SP. We validated this measure in samples from both Argentina (n = 990) and Spain (n = 548), performing measurement invariance and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency of the scale and score stability over time were investigated through reliability analyses. Differences in eco-anxiety across sociodemographic variables were explored through Student's t-tests and Pearson's r tests. RESULTS: The four-factor model of the HEAS-SP comprising affective and behavioural symptoms, rumination, and anxiety about personal impact demonstrated excellent model fit. We found good internal consistency for each subscale, and established measurement invariance between Spanish and Argentine samples, as well as across genders and participants' age. Spanish participants reported higher scores on the affective symptoms and personal impact anxiety factors compared to the Argentinian sample. Also, men reported lower levels than women on the subscales of affective symptoms, rumination, and personal impact anxiety. It was found that the relationship between both age and personal impact anxiety and age and affective symptoms varies significantly depending on the gender of the individuals. Younger participants tended to report higher scores on most dimensions of eco-anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: These findings enhance the global initiative to investigate, explore and therefore comprehend eco-anxiety by introducing the first valid and reliable Spanish-language version of this psychometric instrument for its use within Spanish and Argentinian populations. This study augments the body of evidence supporting the robust psychometric properties of the HEAS, as demonstrated in prior validations for Australian, Turkish, Portuguese, German, French, and Italian populations.

Validating a measure for eco-anxiety in Portuguese young adults and exploring its associations with environmental action.

BACKGROUND: Worsening environmental conditions may amplify people's emotional responses to an environmental crisis (eco-anxiety). In Portugal, young people seem to be especially concerned about climate change. However, this phenomenon needs to be interpreted using accurate instruments. Thus, this study aimed to validate the Portuguese version of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) in young adults and examine the associations among eco-anxiety, sociodemographic characteristics, and pro-environmental behaviours. METHODS: A survey was administered to 623 Portuguese university students aged between 18 and 25 years. The survey included our Portuguese translation of the HEAS (obtained through a back-translation and pretesting process), a sociodemographic assessment, and questions related to pro-environmental behaviours. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the construct validity of the Portuguese version of the HEAS, and global fit indices were used to assess whether the original four-dimensional structure of the scale was reproduced. The reliability of the Portuguese version of the HEAS was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Measurement invariance examined sex differences in scale interpretation. Linear regressions were used to detect whether sociodemographic variables predict eco-anxiety and whether eco-anxiety predicts pro-environmental behaviours. RESULTS: The factorial structure of the original scale was replicated in the Portuguese version of the HEAS, showing good internal consistency, reliability over time and strict invariance between men and women. A higher paternal education level predicted greater eco-anxiety in children. Two dimensions of eco-anxiety-namely, rumination and anxiety about personal impacts on the environment-predicted higher engagement in pro-environmental behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: The translated scale is an appropriate tool to measure eco-anxiety in the Portuguese context and should be used to collect evidence to drive environmental and health policies. An individual's education level should be considered a determinant of their emotional response to environmental conditions. Importantly, eco-anxiety can act as a protective emotional response to preserving the planet.

Responding to everyday problems and crises: Measuring community resilience.

Resilience is of the upmost importance to deal with everyday problems faced by communities. The concept of community resilience is gaining prominence in disaster management policy and practice, and it has been shown to be an important factor during pandemic recovery such as during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We present an instrument for community resilience assessment adapted for disasters like the pandemics. The instrument was based on the theory-based and evidence-informed Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART) Assessment Survey, adapted for the first time to Portuguese. Another strong feature of this study relates to the targeted participants, namely human service workers (598). They are key informants for their close involvement with communities. This version of the CART was reliable. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good relationship between the observed variables and their underlying latent constructs. Moreover, tests for measurement invariance across participants showed that differences in factor variances and covariances were not attributable to age-based differences in the properties of the scales themselves. Our findings support the fundamental idea that it is worthwhile to have an instrument to measure community resilience. Thus, our study adds to the evaluation of the CART, supporting its value as a robust instrument to measure resilience at the community level in different countries.

Judging Pharmaceutical Environmental Risk by its Cover? The Effects of Prescription Medication and Disease Severity on Environmental Risk Perception.

Recent wastewater analyses performed in care homes for the elderly showed high levels of water pollution resulting from pharmaceutical waste. The way people perceive the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals can contribute to reversing this problem, but the factors that influence risk perception remain relatively unknown. The aims of the study are two-fold. We first focused on exploring the levels of knowledge regarding environment/water pollution due to pharmaceutical residues from the groups responsible for prescribing (health professionals), handling (staff), and consuming pharmaceuticals (residents) in care homes for the elderly. Second, we assessed the environmental risk perception of pharmaceuticals based on two main factors: prescription medication (nonprescribed versus prescribed) and disease severity (milder versus severe disease), accounting for their level of knowledge (deficit versus sufficiency of knowledge). The study was designed based on correlational research. Data were collected in homes for the elderly located in three Southwestern European countries (N = 300), using self-report surveys. Current knowledge was perceived to be low and the need to know more was perceived to be high, across all groups. As hypothesized, results indicated that to assess the environmental risk, participants made use of information that was unrelated to pharmaceutical persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). Prescribed pharmaceuticals and/or medication used to treat severe diseases were perceived as being more hazardous for the environment. Simple main effects analysis comparing between knowledge levels confirmed that this effect occurred mostly when participants had knowledge deficit for disease severity but not for prescription medication. These misconceptions might discourage taking an active role in reducing the impact of pharmaceutical residues in the environment.

As Strong as We Are United: Effects of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation on Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer.

Women diagnosed with breast cancer often experience unpleasant emotions, resulting in higher levels of emotional burden and decreased levels of wellbeing and quality of life. The present correlational and cross-sectional study aims to compare the implementation of two regulatory levels, intrapersonal and interpersonal (as social sharing of emotions), and two types of strategies, antecedent-focused and response-focused, and explore their impact on breast cancer patients' perception of quality of life. Sixty-eight women previously diagnosed with the disease participated in this study, with a mean age of 63years old (SD=11.58). Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire to assess emotional experience, intrapersonal regulation, social sharing of emotions, and breast cancer-related wellbeing and quality of life. Data yielded that most of the participants regulated their negative emotions within social interactions and made more use of antecedent-focused strategies to cognitively reformulate the emotional episode. Social and family wellbeing were positively associated with antecedent-focused strategies, as well as intrapersonal and interpersonal regulatory levels. Moreover, the occurrence of sharing episodes and social interactions played an important and beneficial role on patients' perceived quality of life. These findings reinforce the importance of promoting an adaptive intrapersonal regulation among breast cancer patients. Results also suggest that social sharing of emotions is an efficient process to help them to better cope with the psychological and emotional burden of the disease, thus positively influencing the way they perceive their social and family wellbeing, as well as their quality of life.

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Portuguese Welders: Effects on Bodily Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders in welders may influence their health-related quality of life. However, few studies have addressed this issue and their results were inconclusive. This study investigates whether there are musculoskeletal disorders with a higher incidence in welders compared to non-welders, and whether these disorders lead to an increase in bodily pain which in turn decreases their health-related quality of life. Methods:A priori analyses of statistical power were conducted to determine the sample size needed to find medium to large statistical effects, for a 0.05 alpha, and critical sampling, combined with snowball sampling, was carried out. The study was cross-sectional, and participants were asked to respond to a survey using validated instruments (Nwelders = 40, Nnon-welders = 42). Results: As expected, a higher incidence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in the cervical, dorsal, lumbar, and wrists and hands was found in welders in comparison to non-welders. Furthermore, the presence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the lumbar area, was related to an increased bodily pain and decreased health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Welders are exposed to a higher incidence of musculoskeletal disorders that decrease their quality of life. It is essential to increase the awareness of welders, organizations, and regulatory institutions toward this issue in order to motivate the development and implementation of prevention strategies. The need for primary and secondary prevention-type strategies, which have already proven their effectiveness in the context of welding, is highlighted.

Greener Schoolyards, Greener Futures? Greener Schoolyards Buffer Decreased Contact With Nature and Are Linked to Connectedness to Nature.

Children are spending less time in nature. They are not taking advantage of the benefits that are related to experiencing nature, such as the improvement of attentional capacity and stress reduction. Furthermore, they are also losing the opportunity to assess nature in a more positive way and to become more connected to nature, factors that appear to be fundamental to securing a greener future. To overcome this problem, researchers have been focusing on increasing children's contact with nature in schools and in promoting garden-based learning programs. Children spend most of their time in school, where they face many cognitive and relational demands. As such, schools might be the ideal context to increase children's contact with nature with more empirical research being needed to understand the effects that greener schools might have. The goal of this study is to explore the effects of schoolyards in children's perceived restorativeness experiences, attitudes towards nature, connection to nature, and social competences. For that, we studied children (N = 132) from three elementary schools with different schoolyards: a school with cement yard with a few trees, a school with green areas, and a school where many parts of the yard were earthen and there was a vegetable garden that the students could cultivate as part of an ongoing garden-based learning program. The results of a questionnaire confirmed that greener schoolyards were related to stronger restorative experiences. As such, children might benefit from improving their attentional capacity during breaks. Unexpectedly, the perceived restorativeness effect was stronger for children who usually had lesser contact with nature than for children who contacted more with nature. This suggests that having schools with green yards might buffer some of the effects of reduced contacts with nature outside of school. The effects of the schoolyard in children's social competences did not appear to emerge. However, children that attended the school with the greener schoolyard had more positive attitudes and were more connected to nature than children from the other two schools. This further suggests that designing greener schoolyards might be an opportunity to contribute to reversing global environmental challenges.

Lay people and experts' risk perception of pharmaceuticals in the environment in Southwestern Europe.

This study aims to contribute to the risk management of pharmaceuticals in the environment, illustrating risk perceptions of lay people and experts from Southwestern Europe (Portugal, Spain, and France). The psychometric paradigm was applied to assess risk regarding four hazards: pharmaceuticals in the environment (i.e., broadly framed), pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater, pharmaceuticals in drinking water, and pharmaceuticals in crops. Two factors explained most of the variance of risk assessments: dread and unknown. The dread factor combined immediacy and severity of effects, and the old nature of hazards. Pharmaceuticals in crops and drinking water scored higher in this factor, as did experts and French respondents. The unknown factor differentiated between the assessments of lay people and experts. Lay people assessed the hazards as being more known by those who were exposed but less known by science; and exposure was perceived as more voluntary and the risk as more controllable. Even though pharmaceutical residues are present in much higher concentrations in treated wastewater, risk assessments were overall higher for drinking water and crops. Moreover, data also revealed risk management preferences: whereas lay people preferred technological and awareness-type measures, experts preferred measures to improve the disposal of pharmaceutical waste and health-type measures.

BIM in People2People and Things2People Interactive Process.

In this research work, we present an IoT solution to environment variables using a LoRa transmission technology to give real-time information to users in a Things2People process and achieve savings by promoting behavior changes in a People2People process. These data are stored and later processed to identify patterns and integrate with visualization tools, which allow us to develop an environmental perception while using the system. In this project, we implemented a different approach based on the development of a 3D visualization tool that presents the system collected data, warnings, and other users' perception in an interactive 3D model of the building. This data representation introduces a new People2People interaction approach to achieve savings in shared spaces like public buildings by combining sensor data with the users' individual and collective perception. This approach was validated at the ISCTE-IUL University Campus, where this 3D IoT data representation was presented in mobile devices, and from this, influenced user behavior toward meeting campus sustainability goals.

Exogenous melatonin and male foetuses improve the quality of sheep colostrum.

Colostrum is the first product secreted by the mammary gland to transfer immunity to the newborn, especially through immunoglobulins (Ig) G. Melatonin is an immunomodulatory factor and there is evidence that it has a direct effect on IgG production. To evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment during pregnancy, litter size and offspring sex on colostrum quality, sixty pregnant Rasa Aragonesa ewes were divided into three groups: one group received a melatonin implant at the third month of pregnancy (3M, n = 13), another group at the fourth month (4M, n = 18) and the remaining ewes were not implanted (Control, C, n = 29). Immediately after lambing, a sample of colostrum was collected and IgG, crude protein and fat content analysed. Timing of melatonin implantation (p < .001), and offspring sex (p < .01) had a significant effect on IgG concentration. Colostrum of treated ewes had a higher mean (±SEM) IgG concentration than that of the control ewes (55.54 ± 3.09 and 49.50 ± 4.36 mg/ml, respectively; p < .05), mainly because the concentration in the 4M group was significantly (p < .001) higher than it was in the other groups. The relationship between lamb sex and IgG (p < .01) and %CP (p < .05) was evident in singletons (ewes with a male lamb: 54.57 ± 5.37 mg IgG/ml, 15.42 ± 0.82%CP; ewes with a female lamb: 34.66 ± 4.30 mg/ml, 13.18 ± 0.73%CP). The presence of a female in the litter was associated with significantly (p < .01) lower colostrum IgG levels (litters with at least one female: 49.33 ± 3.42 mg/ml; litters with no females: 58.24 ± 4.00 mg/ml). Among 4M ewes, female foetuses had significantly (p < .01) lower IgG levels whether they carried singletons or multiple lambs. In conclusion, treatment with melatonin implants at the fourth month of pregnancy resulted in a higher colostrum quality based on IgG concentration.

The importance of household pharmaceutical products disposal and its risk management: Example from Southwestern Europe.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an emergent unknown environmental problem, linked to increased production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and, as such, understanding risk perception is fundamental. This study focuses on exploring causes (trust and knowledge) and effects (intention and proper individual disposal of pharmaceutical leftovers) of environmental and health risk perception. Survey data was collected in Portugal, Spain, and France (sample of 509 individuals). Data illustrated that in France, where the quantity of recycled pharmaceuticals is much higher, respondents reported a higher need for knowledge, but not a higher risk perception nor self-reported behaviour. Although previous research illustrates that higher trust correlates with lower risk perception, we found a positive correlation, which highlights the need to comprehend these variables in emergent risks. Results further confirmed a hypothesized moderated mediation model to explain proper disposal behaviour. We found an indirect effect of risk perception on behaviour through intention, which was stronger for participants with higher environmental identity. Understanding the causes and effects of risk perception of pharmaceuticals in the environment thereby contributes to improve pharmaceutical waste management processes and to promote the proper disposal of pharmaceuticals.

Complicaciones de pacientes con trasplante renal en las primeras 48 horas en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención / Complications of patients with kidney transplantation in the first 48 hours in a third level hospital

Introducción: el trasplante renal (TR) es la terapia de elección en la mayoría de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal. El conocimiento cada vez más amplio de la inmunología, la mejoría en las técnicas quirúrgicas, el uso de mejores fármacos inmunosupresores y los cuidados en el seguimiento posterior al trasplante han permitido reducir la incidencia de pérdida de injerto y han mejorado la calidad de vida de los pacientes luego del TR. Objetivo: identificar las complicaciones más frecuentes en las primeras 48 horas en pacientes con TR en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal en una muestra aleatoria de 41 pacientes con TR registrados del 5 de enero al 5 de septiembre de 2017 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de la ciudad de Veracruz. La información se recabó del expediente clínico como unidad de análisis. Los datos se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: el 65.9% fueron hombres; la edad promedio fue de 35 ± 11.3 años. La principal causa de lesión renal crónica fue etiología no determinada (53.7%) e hipoplasia renal (14.6%). El motivo de egreso fue por mejoría en 97.6%. Solo en 10% de los pacientes se presentaron complicaciones, principalmente trombosis segmentada de vena safena interna (30%), trombosis de injerto (3%), trombosis venosa profunda de segmento femoral (2%) y disminución del flujo vascular renal de polo inferior (2%). Conclusión: las complicaciones que se presentaron en los pacientes postrasplantados de riñón en las primeras 48 horas fueron las de tipo vascular.

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice in the majority of patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. The increasing knowledge of immunology, the improvement in surgical techniques, the use of better immunosuppressive drugs and post-transplant follow-up care have reduced the incidence of graft loss and improved the patients' quality of life after kidney transplantation. Objective: To identify the most frequent complications in the first 48 hours in patients who underwent kidney transplantation in a third level hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in a random sample of 41 patients with kidney transplantation registered from January 5 to September 5, 2017, in a third level hospital from the city of Veracruz. The information was collected from the clinical record as an analysis unit. Data were analyzed with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: 65.9% of patients were male; the average age was 35 ± 11.3 years. The main cause of chronic renal injury was undetermined etiology (53.7%) and renal hypoplasia (14.6%). The reason for discharge was improved health in 97.6% of patients. Only 10% of patients presented complications, mainly internal saphenous vein thrombosis (30%), graft thrombosis (3%), deep venous thrombosis of the femoral segment (2%) and decreased renal vascular flow of the lower pole (2%). Conclusion: The complications that occurred in patients who underwent kidney transplantation in the first 48 hours were vascular.

Psychosocial drivers for change: Understanding and promoting stakeholder engagement in local adaptation to climate change in three European Mediterranean case studies.

Stakeholder engagement in the processes of planning local adaptation to climate change faces many challenges. The goal of this work was to explore whether or not the intention of engaging could be understood (Study 1) and promoted (Study 2), by using an extension of the theory of planned behaviour. In Study 1, stakeholders from three European Mediterranean case studies were surveyed: Baixo Vouga Lagunar (Portugal), SCOT Provence Méditerranée (France), and the island of Crete (Greece) (N = 115). Stakeholders' intention of engaging was significantly predicted by subjective norm (which was predicted by injunctive normative beliefs towards policy-makers and stakeholders) and by perceived behavioural control (which was predicted by knowledge of policy and instruments). Study 2 was conducted in the Baixo Vouga Lagunar case study and consisted of a two-workshop intervention where issues on local and regional adaptation, policies, and engagement were presented and discussed. A within-participants comparison of initial survey results with results following the workshops (NT1 = 12, NT2 = 15, NT3 = 12) indicated that these were successful in increasing stakeholders' intention of engaging. This increase was paired with a) an increase in injunctive normative beliefs towards policy-makers and consequently in subjective norm, and to b) a decrease in perceived complexity of planning local adaptation and an increase in knowledge regarding adaptation to climate change.

Evaluación de riesgo de caída con la escala J.H. Downton modificada en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados / Evaluation of fall risk with the J.H. Downton modified scale in hospitalized pediatric patients

Resumen

Introducción: en los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados los principales factores de riesgo de caída son la edad menor a tres años, el tratamiento farmacológico con medicamentos anticonvulsivos y para el dolor y los problemas sensoriales como adormecimiento, visión borrosa, problemas auditivos o incapacidad para comunicarse.

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de caída en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados con la escala J.H. Downton modificada.

Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal para identificar los factores de riesgo de caída en 258 pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Se utilizó la escala J.H. Downton modificada con siete dimensiones, IC95%, se incluyó el estado clínico del paciente y el conocimiento del familiar sobre las medidas de prevención de caídas. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó con SPSS 22.0.

Resultados: en 45% de los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados, se presentó riesgo bajo de caída en las dimensiones de ingesta de medicamentos y la marcha y equilibrio. En las dimensiones déficits sensoriales y estado mental, el riesgo de caída fue bajo en 37% y 32%.

Conclusiones: con la aplicación de la escala J.H. Downton modificada se identificó el riesgo de caída en los pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. La valoración de enfermería en el ingreso y durante la estancia hospitalaria, es un elemento predictor que el propio instrumento de valoración.

Abstract

Introduction: In hospitalized pediatric patients, the main risk factors for falling are age under three years, pharmacological treatment with anticonvulsant medications and for pain and sensory problems such as numbness, blurred vision, hearing problems or inability to communicate.

Objective: To identify the risk factors of fall in pediatric patients hospitalized with the J.H. Down-ton modified.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study to identify the risk factors for falling in 258 hospitalized pediatric patients. The J.H. Downton modified with seven dimensions, 95% Cl, included the clinical status of the patient and the family member's knowledge of fall prevention measures. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with SPSS 22.0.

Results: In 45% of hospitalized pediatric patients, there was a low risk of falling in the dimensions of medication intake and gait and balance. In the dimensions sensory deficits and mental state, the risk of falling was low in 37% and 32%.

Conclusions: With the application of the J.H. Modified Downton risk of falling was identified in pediatric hospitalized patients. The assessment of nursing in the income and during the hospital stay, is a predictive element that the assessment instrument itself.

Pharmaceuticals released from senior residences: occurrence and risk evaluation.

One of the main pursuits, yet most difficult, in monitoring studies is to identify the sources of environmental pollution. In this study, we have identified health-care facilities from south European countries as an important source of pharmaceuticals in the environment. We have estimated that compounds consumed in by the elderly and released from effluents of senior residences can reach river waters at a concentration higher than 0.01 µg/L, which is the European Medicines Agency (EMA) threshold for risk evaluation of pharmaceuticals in surface waters. This study has been based on five health institutions in Portugal, Spain, and France, with 52 to 130 beds. We have compiled the pharmaceuticals dispensed on a daily base and calculated the consumption rates. From 54.9 to 1801 g of pharmaceuticals are consumed daily, with laxatives, analgesics, antiepileptics, antibiotics, and antidiabetic agents being the main drug families administered. According to excretion rates, dilution in the sewerage system, and elimination in wastewater treatment plants, macrogol, metformin, paracetamol, acetylcysteine, amoxicillin, and gabapentin, among others, are expected to reach river waters. Finally, we discuss the risk management actions related to the discharge of pharmaceuticals from senior residences to surface waters.

Educar para mejorar en la prevención de infecciones de vías urinarias en pacientes con sonda vesical instalada / Educate to heal in the prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with bladder catheter installed

Resumen

Introducción: educar para mejorar en la prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud, asegura un progreso social por su trascendencia económica y un desafío para las instituciones de salud y para el personal responsable del cuidado.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una estrategia de capacitación para la mejora en el cumplimiento del indicador Prevención de infecciones de vías urinarias en pacientes con sonda vesical instalada. Metodología: estudio de intervención con 39 enfermeras, para la evaluación inicial y final del cumplimiento de criterios básicos se utilizó el formato No. 1 de recolección de datos (Fl-PIVUPSVI/05). Los datos se procesaron con SPSS V-17, se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial con t de Student, análisis de varianza y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson.

Resultados: se logró un incremento de 21 puntos porcentuales (42 a 63%) en el cumplimiento posterior a la capacitación; el mayor incremento (de 31 a 77%) fue en criterio de registro de las medidas higiénicas del paciente.

Conclusión: la estrategia de capacitación produjo cambios a favor del cumplimiento del indicador Prevención de infecciones urinarias en pacientes con sonda vesical instalada.

Abstract

Introduction: Educate to heal in the prevention of infections related to health care, ensures social progress for its economic importance and a challenge for health institutions and care personnel. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a training strategy to improve compliance with the indicator Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with installed bladder catheter.

Methods: Intervention study, with 39 nurses, for the initial and final evaluation of compliance with basic criteria, the data collection format No. 1 (Fl-PIVUPSVI /05) was used. Data were processed with SPSS V-17, descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed with Student's t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: An increase of 21 percentage points (42% to 63%) was achieved in post-training compliance; the largest increase of 46% (31%-77%) was in the criteria for recording the patient's hygienic measures.

Conclusion: The training strategy produced changes in favor of compliance with the indicator Prevention of urinary tract infections in patients with installed bladder catheter.

Ética y valores en enfermería / Ethics and values in nursing

Resumen:

En la enfermería, la ética sirve de guía para la toma de decisiones adecuadas con el objetivo de que al brindar los cuidados se pase de los hechos a los valores y a los deberes. En la práctica profesional de enfermería se ha observado una marcada deficiencia en la aplicación de estas normas morales. Es por eso que en el presente ensayo se realiza un análisis de autocrítica reflexiva a la formación ético-humanista en sus diferentes contextos: desde el origen familiar, social, educacional e institucional o laboral. Todo ello con el firme propósito de retomar el rumbo en nuestro actuar profesional. Conclusiones: la competencia del personal de enfermería reflejó que aún no se alcanza el nivel de experto, situación que puede repercutir en la calidad de la atención que se presta a los pacientes.

Abstract:

In nursing ethics is a guide to making appropriate decisions with the aim of providing care that goes over facts to values and duties. In professional nursing practice, the application of these moral standards has been a marked deficiency. That is why in this essay a reflective analysis of the ethical and humanistic formation in different contexts is made: from the family, social, educational and institutional or occupational origin. All that, with the firm intention of retaking the course in our professional act.